A vector can be represented by a line segment labelled with an arrow. A vector between two points A and B is described as: \(\overrightarrow{AB}\), \(\mathbf{a}\) or \(\underline{a}\). The vector can ...

Notice how the quantities above have both a size and a direction associated with them. The direction of a vector can be given in a written description, or drawn as an arrow. The length of an arrow ...

Figure 1: Schematic of the 3D force detection method on a Ge(001)-c(4 × 2) surface using bimodal AFM. Figure 2: Force component maps and force vector distributions above Ge(001) dimers. Figure 3: ...